未知题型 Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel PrizeAnnouncements Two scientists who have wonpraise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candi-dates forthe Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday,kicking off six days Nobel announcements. Australian-born U. S. citizenElizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series ofmedical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be amongthe front-run-ners for Nobel. Only seven women have wonthe medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. Thelast female winner wasU. S.researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel. Among the pairs possiblerivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and ElwoodJensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormonereceptors. As usual, the awardcommittee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting itsdecision in a news conference at StockholmsKarolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite,established the prizes in his will in the catego- ries of medicine, physics,chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a No-bel but a 1968 creation ofSwedenscentral bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to selectwinners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthroughrather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary ofthe medicine prize committee, said the lo million kronor (US $ 1. 3 million)prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it wasthe primary goal for scientists. "Individual researchersprobably dont look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when theyre at work," Jornvall told The Associated Press. "They get theirkicks from their research and their interest in how life functions. " In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California,San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hop- kins Universityin Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basicmedical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work setthe stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telom- erase to sustaintheir uncontrolled growth. Who is Not a likely candidate for this years Nobel Prize in medicine?A.Elizabeth BlackburnB.Carol GreiderC.Linda BuckD.Pierre Chambon

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未知题型 Stomach ulcers are the cause ofsevere pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain ofulcers. They could not cure them Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers.This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomachpain Studies show that ten percent of the popu-lation will develop an ulcer atsome time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people. Ulcers are wounds in thestomach that are similar to small cuts or tears. These wounds can harm the tis-sue in the stomach, the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts ofthe small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer.How does a person know he or she has an ulcer? Doctors say most people withulcers feel a buming pain in their chest or stomach. This pain often is calledheart bunx It usually happens before eating or during the night. It causes somepeople to lose their desire to eat, or they are unable to keep food in theirstomachs. Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusualfy strong stomachfluids, which damaged stomach tissue. Now they have discovered that most ulcersare caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or HPillorie.HPillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid Doctorsfound that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics. Healthexperts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millionsof dollars in medical costs. They also believe curing ulcers will re- duce thenumber of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with stomachcancer is very high inJapan,Southeast Asia and parts of Africa. Doctors say a person is more likely to getan ulcer if his or her family has had one. In fact a person with the familyhistory of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people.There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer. Doctorssay it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach.To do this, doctors say, people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol.And they say people should reduce tension in their lives. In the past, doctors could not do anything about stomach ulcersA.RightB.Wrong C.Not mentioned