The nonjob-oriented workers viewed jobs______.A．as

单项选择题

Bear in mind that fewer workers gain a sense of self-actualization from work itself than those who gain it from incidental aspects of the work. The former are the ambitious achievers and relatively few in number. They seek a job that has work they really want to do.
The nonjob-oriented employees accept almost any job that is available. They are not very fussy about the nature of the work so long as it provides an acceptable income and satisfactory human relations. This interpretation probably explains the findings of a twelve-year study by a Princeton, New Jersey research corporation that studied the personality dynamics of employees of several thousand client companies. Generally they found that four out of every five employees were misemployed. That is they were working in jobs for which they were not entirely suited. They were non job-oriented.
The focus of the study was on office jobs in twelve key industries: banking and finance; chemical; pharmaceutical; data processing; farm equipment; heavy manufacturing; insurance; media/publishing; printing/business firms; real estate; and stock brokerage and mutual funds.
One of the statements in the published report of this study is, "Too many individuals who are misemployed in the job they hold, cling tenaciously to that job, doing just well enough not to be terminated."
Many of these misemployed actually do their work quite well because it is easily learned and more or less of a routine nature. When they leave an employer their positions are easily filled by applicants who walk into the employment office looking for an opening.
A few of these routine workers do break out of their occupational level and train themselves for something on a higher level. They exemplify the statement of the person who says, "I became successful as soon as I made up my mind as to where I was going and how I was going to get there even though I was broke when I made the decision."
One factor in the inability of certain workers to find themselves vocationally may be in their lack of self-esteem. Vocational crystallization and self-esteem are related. People with high self-esteem express greater certainty about their career choices than do those with low self-esteem.

The nonjob-oriented workers viewed jobs______.

A．as a means of earning a living
B．as the most important thing in life
C．as a way of self-actualization
D．as a way of gaining self-satisfaction