Passage One 
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.  
When Mrs. Joseph Groeger died recently in Vienna, Austria, people asked the obvious question. “Why did she live to be 107?” Answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100. What was surprising was that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities. Although cities are often regarded as unhealthy places, city living provides benefits that country living may lack. One factor seems to be important to the longevity(长寿) of those interviewed. 
     This factor is exercise. In the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a bus. Even taking public transportation often requires some walking. Smaller apartment houses have no elevators, and so people must climb stairs. City people can usually walk to local supermarkets. Since parking spaces are hard to find, there is often no choice but to walk. 
     On the other hand, those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day. In fact, the opposite is often true. To go to school, work, or almost anywhere else, they must ride in cars.

The Vienna survey may help to explain（）